Speed-governor.



j. W. HOAG.

speso ovnmm.

APPLICATION FILEB'APR. 2B i914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

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INVENTH JM W Hoang? By @maw/d wf Pai/ante@ Nov. 27, 19H1.

J. W. HOAG.

SPEED GOVERNOR. APPLICATION FILED APII.2II. Ism.

Patente NOV. 27, 19W.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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SPEED GOVERNOR. APPLICATION FILED APR. 28, 19M- .:mmd Nw., 27, 19W.

V\H f1NE5 E5 INVENTUH am M H0 narran eTaTns TaTnivT ernten.

JAMES w. Hoes, or oaiitalvn, onnrrogama,

SPEED-GOVERNOR.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES WV. Honor, a citizen of the United States,residingat Oakland, in the county of Alameda and State of California,have invented a new and useful Speed-Governor, of which the following isa specification.

My invention relates to improvements in speed governors, which areconnected to a shaft, driven by a prime motor, or by a belt connectingto the main line of shafting running in a mill or factory and supplyingpower to the several machines operating in the plant, and it has for itsobject to maintain said driven shaft at a uniform rate of speed.

With this in view, I attach the governor shaft direct to said drivenshaft, so as to.

Vfurther provide a. receptacle, containing a liquid medium, saidreceptacle inclosing the said screw propeller, and I furnish it withmeans to raise or lower the level of the liquid medium in saidreceptacle, so as to immerse the blades of said propeller to thevdesired depth. The reaction of the liquid on the rotating blades causesthem to advance forward and move the sleeve along the governor shaft,compressing a spring to a greater or less extent, depending on the depthof immersion of said blades in the liquid, and upon the speed ofrotation of the shaft. The sleeve is connected to the driving shaft orto the prime motor in such a way, as to determine, by its location alongthe governor shaft, the ratio of the gearing between the driving and thedriven shafts, required to maintain the latter at a very nearly constantspeed, or to determine the rate of supply of energy to the prime motorfor the same purpose of preserving a constant speed of vsaid drivenshaft'. i

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 2"?, 19M?.

Application riempiti as, 1914. serial in. 834,934.

Referring now to the drawings hereunto annexed for a detaileddescription of my invention:

Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a governor, as applied to avariable speed counter shaft of the friction cone type.

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same. Fig 3 is a sectional sideelevation of a governor, as applied to a steam engine, the receptaclefor the liquid, and the means for raising and lowering the surface ofsaid liquid is shown in a modified form.

Fig. i is an enlarged sectional plan of the governor, showing in detailthe governor shaft, sleeve and propeller, the receptacle for `theliquid, shown in section, is of the kind illustrated in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the receptacle for the liquid, of theforni shown in Figs. l `and 2, the arm i() being shown in the position,when tlie surface of the liquid is elevated.

Fig. 6 is a detail, drawn in an enlarged scale, of a modification of themeans to counterbalance the action of the propeller', and Fig. 7 is aplan view of the same.

1 is a base, provided with the standards 2 and 3, which serve to`support the cone friction pulleys et and 5 of a variable speed countershaft. At the top of said standards a driving shaft 6 is mounted in thebearings 7, 7 and is provided with a tight pulley 8; abelt 9 connectsthe pulley 8 with a line of shafting, which is not shown in the drawingsand which supplies power to the `e1itire plant of machinery located inthe build ing. The belt is driven in the direction, shown by the arrow.The driving cone friction pulley 4 is keyed to said Shaft. The drivenshaft l0 is mountedin the bearings l1, 11, and is provided with the conefric'- tion pulley 5, keyed to it, and with the tight pulley 12. Thecones 1i and 5 may be made of the same, or of different diameters,according to the ratio of gearing required between the driving and thedriven shafts; they are made of the saine taper, and are set between thestandards 2 and 3, so as to face in opposite directions. The bearings 7,7 and l1, 1l are so arranged on the standards, as to cause the shafts torun parallel; and the distance between them is such, as to bring theadjacent surfaces of the two cones close together, leaving a narrowspace 13 between them. A short endless belt 14 is made to run looselyover one of the cones, fitting tightly in the narrow space 13, thusforming a friction contact between the surfaces of the cones.

The relative speeds of the cones depend upon the particular location ofthe belt 14 along the narrow space 13; when brought nearer to thesmaller end of the driven cone 5, the relative speed of said cone isincreased, while when carried farther away, it is diminished.

The base 1 also carries the standards 15 and 16, which are provided withthe bearings 17, 17, arranged to run in line with the bearings 11, 11 onthe standards 2 and 3.

A receptacle for a liquid medium, comprising the cylindrical casing 18,provided with the head 19, east integral with it, to close one end, anda removable head20 to close the other end, is mounted in the bearings17, 17 on the standards 15 and 16 by means of the trunnions 21 and 22,carried by the heads 19 and 20. The receptacle is only partly filledwith the liquid, which naturally occupies the lower portion of it. Thetrunnions 21 and 22 are placed eccentrically with the casing 18, asshown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 5. The trunnion 21 projects beyond the bearing17, and carries the arm 40, whereby the receptacle may be made to turnaround the trunnions, so as to raise or lower the center of thecylindrical casing 18, and thus elevate or lower the sur.- faee of theliquid.

A segment 41 is secured to the standard 15, and is provided with anumber of holes 42, spaced on a circle concentric with the trunnions,and a hole 43 is drilled in the arm 40 to register with the holes insaid segment.

Then the arm 40 is turned, so as te bring the surface of the'liquid tothe desired elevation, as shown in Fig. 5, it is made fast by passing apin 44 through the arm and through any one of the holes in the segment,with which it registers.

The trunnion 21 is bored out to serve as a bearing for the governorshaft 23, while the trunnion 22 is bored out to form a bearing for thesleeve 24, fitted around the governor shaft. rI`he sleeve 24 carries asmall screw propellerl 25, secured to it at one end next to the trunnion21, and from there it extends through and beyond the trunnion 22, whereit terminates with the grooved collar 26. A pin 27, secured in thecollar 26, engages a slotted key way 2S, eut for some distance in thegovernor shaft 23, conneeting the sleeve to said shaft, so as to revolvetogether, while permitting the sliding motion of the sleeve alongsaidshaft.

The governor shaft 23 is secured at one 55 end to the drivenshaft'lO,passes through the sleeve 24, and terminates at the other end within thetrunnion 21.

A lever 29 is pivoted at one end to the base 1, and is provided at theother end with the forked prongs 30 and 31 straddling the collar 26. Apin 32, held fast in one of said prongs, is made to engage the groove 33in said collar, thus coupling them together. A belt shifting bar 34 ispivoted at one end to the prong 30, while the other end, after passingthrough a guiding arm 35 on the standard2, engages the endless belt 14by means of the loop 36. A spiral compres sion spring 37 is placedaround the governor shaft between the collar 26 and the driven shaft 10,for the purpose of counteraeting the action of the propeller 25, ashereinafter set forth. v y

p The operation of the device is as fellows:

The governor is first adjusted for the speed required, by turning thearm 40 from the position shown in Fig. 1, to some position shown in Fig.5, causing the casing 18, containing the liquid to turn around thetrunnion 21, thus elevating the surface of the liquid, and causing thepropeller blades to become immersed to a greater er less extent,according te the angle the arm 40 has been turned. The pin 44 is thenpassed through the arm, and through one of the holes in the segment 41,and the device is ready for operation.

, The following iskthe action of the governor: Y Y

The shaft 6 is driven by the belt 9 from a line of shafting above (notshown) with a very irregular speed, and the Vobject of the governor isto transmit that irregular speed to the driven shaft 10, transforming yit at the saine time into a uniform speed.

From the arrangements of the cones 4 and 5, the belt 14, and theshifting mechanism, it is seen that'the ratio of speeds between the two`cones depends upon the particular position of the belt 14 along thenarrow space 13, and upon the position of the belt shifting mechanism,and that for any particular ratio of speeds between the aforesaid conesthere is a corresponding force of the compression spring.

Letus suppose that the shaft 6 is running for a. short time with auniform Y speed, equal te its average, and that to obtain the speedrequired for the Vshaft 10, the belt 14 has to be at the middle of thenarrow slot 13. The driven shaft 10, the governor shaft 23, and thepropeller sleeve or shaft 24, will revolve for that short length of timeat the required uniform speed. The blades of the revolving propeller,being partly immersed in the liquid, will force said liquid backwardtoward the trunniQn 2l, while the `reaction of said l:liquid will forcethe propeller in en V.enpeete direction ,against the action of the.springr'.

For the same propellenthe reaction of the liquid will vary .with thevelocity .with

i which .the .liquid is moved backward, and

with the .weight or with.tlie \f*olu1ne of liquidacted upon. VVVhern-thevelocity remains constant, the force `of reactionpf-.the liquid willvary `withthe `volume ofthe liquid acted upon only, and this 4volumedepends upon the depth of impression of the propeller blades intheliquid.

In adjusting the governor to the .required speed by turning the arm d0,such an angle of turning was chosen, as to elevatesthe surface of theliquid, so as to immerse the propeller blades in the liquid to a depth,required to cause a reaction on said blades just sufficient to balance`the force of compression of the spring 37, when the belt ld is held atthe middle of the narrow slot 13 by the shifting mechanism.

So long as the driving shaft 6 will run with a uniform speed, the belt14 andthe shifting mechanism will remain inthe same position, the forceof reaction of the liquid and the force of compression of the springwill remain balanced.

lll/Then theshaft 6, Fig. l, begins to run at a higher rate of speedthan its mean, the belt 14e remaining at the middle of the narrow space13 as before, the driven shaft 10, together with the governor shaft 23,and the propeller 25, will also begin to move at a proportionatelyhigher rate of speed. The reaction of the liquid upon the propellerblades will instantly increase, overbalancing the .opposing force of thespring 37, and will move the propeller and all the belt shiftingmechanism to the left up to such a. point, where the force of the spring37 will increase sufficiently to again balance the force of the reactionof the liquid. The advance of the shifting mechanism to the left willcause the belt let to change the point of friction contact between thecones l and 5, changing the ratio of speeds, so as to lower the speedVof the driven cone, bringing it very near back to the normal speed.

lWhen the driving shaft 6 will run with a slower speed than the mean,the action will be reversed. The diminished speed of the driven shaftl0, and of the governor shaft 23, will cause the propeller 25 to moveslower in the immersed liquid, diminishing the reaction of said liquid.The spring 37 will expand to a point, where its tension will becomediminished to the same extent, and while so expanding, will cause thebelt shifting mechanism to move to the right, thus changing the ratio ofgearing between the cones 4 and 5, so as to increase the speed of thelatter, bringing itlback tothe normal speed.

`fFrom `this description it evident that the relative speed of thedriven shaft l0 to that of the line of shafting in the building isautomatically changed at every instance whenthere is a tendency for thesaid driven shaftto speedup, or to slow down, due to achange-inresistance offered to it, or to any one ofthe machines, whichreceive power from it; or due to a change in the supply of energy' tothe primemotor which is driving the line of shafting. Under any one ofthese conditions the energy supplied by the prime motor to the line ofshafting will be distributed in such a way between the driven shaft l()and the rest of the machines receiving power from the said line ofshaft-ing, as tosupply the exact amount of energy to the driven shaftl0, required to run it at a constant speed under a variable load.lllheir ever a change in ratio of speeds between the cone pulleys l and5 takes place there a similar change in the ratio of speeds of thedriven shaft l0 and the line of shafting inthe building. The drivenshaft l0 is running at a constant rate of speed, while the line ofshafting in the building together with all the rest of the machinesdriven by it will tend to slow down and thus absorb less energy whenthere arises a tendency for the driven shaft l0 to slow down, and saidline of shafting will speed up, absorbing more energy when the tendencyof the driven shaft is to speed up.

The governor can be very readily adjusted so as to maintain the drivenshaft at a uniform speed, higher or lower, than the one above stated,the readjustnient being made without stopping the machine.

For the adjustment of the governor to increase the speed of the drivenshaft, the arm 40, shown in Fig. 5, is turned to the left, thus loweringthe surface of vthe liquid, and diminishing the depth of immersion ofthe propeller blades. The mass of liquid acted upon being thusdiminished, the force of the reaction will become insufficient tocounteract the tension of the spring 37. and the latter will expand,forcing the belt shifting mechanism to the right, thus changing theratio of the gearing between the driving shaft 6 and the driven shaftl0, increasing the speed of the latter. For diminishing the speed of thedriven shaft the arm il0 is turned to the right, elevating the surfaceof the liquid, and increasing the depth of immersion of the propeller.The reaction of the liquid on the propeller will increase, forcing thelatter to move to the left, and shift the belt 14., so as to diminishthe speed of the driven shaft l0.

From the description above it is evident, that Vthe governor is capableof sustaining a driven shaft at a uniform rate of speed,

while allowing the driving shaft to maintain all its irregularities ofmotion, by automatically changing the ratio of gearing between thedriving and driven shafts.

The governor may also be employed to sustain a shaft of a primary motorat a uniform rate of speed, by acting upon the source of supply ofenergy to the said motor. Fig. 3 illustrates an application of myinvention to an ordinary steam engine. y

' The actuating mechanism of the governor, comprising the governor shaft23, the sleeve 24, the screw propeller 25, the grooved collar 26, andthe compression spring 87, are shown to be the same as in Fig. l.

The receptacle for the liquid, and the means for raising and loweringthe surface of the said liquid, for the purpose of adjusting thegovernor to the required speed, may also be made the same as describedabove. Here, however, l illustrate a modication of a receptacle, andmeans to raise the surface of the liquid, which can be applied just aswell.

38 is the frame of a steam engine, 39 the engine cylinder, 45 the crank,46 the shaft. A pair of bevel gears 47 and 48 connect the engine shaftwith the governor shaft 23. A receptacle for a liquid medium ispreferably placed near the throttle valve 49, located in the steamdelivery pipe 50 of the engine. dium, shown in sectional elevation inFig. 3 and in a sectional plan, drawn to a larger scale, in Fig. 4,consists of the. box 5]. and the storage reservoir 52, lying adjacent,and communicating with it through the port 53. The box 51 is providedwith a bearing 54, to receive the end of the governor shaft 23, and witha bearing 55, to fit the sleeve 24 of the propeller 25. rlhe storagereservoir 52 is provided with a threaded rod or screw 56, which rests atthe bottom in a pivot bearing 57, and passes through the cover 5S,terminating at the top with the hand wheel 59. Inside the storagereservoir is placed the displacer 60, which consists of a rectangularbody of metal, made hollow to reduce the weight, and is provided with acentral core 6l, which is tapped at the upper end to fit the screw 56.The displacer may be raised or lowered in the reservoir by turning thescrew 56. To fill the reservoir with liquid, the displacer 60 is firstraised to the very top, then the liquid is poured in through the opening72 to fill it to a height slightly below the bottom of the propeller,and the displacer is then again lowered, so as to become partly immersedin the liquid, and thus raise the level of the surrounding liquid in thereservoir 52 and in the box 51 to the required height.

The action of the liquid onthe actuatingy The receptacle for the liquidme-l mechanism `remains the same. An increase in speed of the engineshaft will cause the propeller to move farther to the left, compressingthe spring 37, and the grooved col lar 26, acting upon the lever 62 ofthe throttle valve, through the medium of the lever 63 and the link 64,will move said lever 62 to the right, partly closing the throttle valve,and diminishing the amount of steam admitted to the cylinder, thusreducing the speed of the engine shaft.

A fall in speed will cause the governor to act in the oppositedirection, and cause the supply of steam to be increased, so as to bringthe engine shaft to the normal speed.

Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate a modification in the mechanism, forcounterbalancing the force of the reaction of the liquid on thepropeller by means of a weight, instead of a spring. In these figuresthe stationary brackets 65 and 66 are fastened at Vsome convenientpoints some distance above the governor shaft. A rocking shaft 67,mount-V ed in bearings on said brackets, carries the forked arm 68, theweighted. arm 69, car rying the weight 70, and the bar 7l. The

forked arm 68 engages the groove 33 in the collar 26 by means of thepins 32.

Vhen'the governor is .at rest, the mecha- Y nism will be in the gures.

The collar 26 will be held against the bearing 55 by the moment of theweight acting on the lever arm iL-.

When the shaft is brought into motion, and the propeller becomes subjectto the variable force of the reaction of the liquid, another moment offorce is created, which equals to the said variable force of reaction,acting on the constant length of the lever arm c-d, and this lattermoment may vary greatly, but it will always be equal and opposite to themoment of the constant weight 70, acting on the lever arm L -6, as thelength of said lever arm will vary directly with the force of thereaction of the water against the propeller, andthe effect of theweighted arm will be the same, as that of the spring 37.

position shown in the Having thus described my invention, what I claimand desire to secure by Letters Pat- Y ent is:

l. A speed governor comprising a receptacle for a liquid medium, aliquid carried by said receptacle, a driven member, a

source causing the motion of said driven member, a screw propellerslidably mounted on said governor shaft, rotating in unison with it,adapted to act upon said liquid,

moving it in the direction vof saidl shaft, andy creating a variablereacting; force in the opposite direction, acting on the saidpropeller,means, acting yieldingly, adapted to counterbalancev the said variablereacting force, and means, connecting said propeller and said variablespeed gearing acting to change the ratio of said gearing in order torectify the irregularities in the rate of speed of said driven memberdue to the irregularities in the resistance to said member or to theirregularity of `said source.`

2. A governor for controlling the rate of speed of a driven shaftcomprising a line of shafting, a driven shaft' receiving motiontherefrom, variable speed gearing mechanism interposed between said lineof shafting and said driven shaft, an actuating member operated to runat a rate of speed varying with the speed of said driven member andarranged to vary in position with the variation of the speed of saiddriven member and means connecting said actuating member with saidvariable speed gearing adapted to change the ratio of said gearing'.

3. A speed governor comprising a receptacle for a liquid medium, aliquid carried by said receptacle, a driven member, a source, causingthe motion of said driven member, variable speed gearing interposedbetween said source and said driven member, a governor shaft, driven ata rate of speed varying with the speed of said driven member, a screwpropeller, driven by said governor shaft, so as to act upon said liquid,creating a reaction force in a denite direction, means, actingyieldingly, adapted to counterbalance the said reacting force, andmechanism, acted upon by the said reacting and counterbalancing forces,adapted to vary its position at each variation of the intensity of saidforces, and to determine by such variation of position the variation inthe ratio of gearing between said source and said driven member.

d. A speed governor comprising a receptacle for a liquid medium, aliquid carried by said receptacle, a driven member, a source, causingthe motion of said member, variable speed gearing interposedbetween saidsource and said driven member, a screw propeller, operated by saiddriven member, so as to act upon said liquid, creating a force ofreaction upon said propeller, means, acting yieldingly, adapted tocounterbalance said reacting force, means, connecting said propellerwith said source, adapted to determine the action of the latter by theintensity of the opposing forces upon said propeller, and means forchanging the depth of action of said propeller upon said liquid, for thepurpose of increasing or diminishing the force of reaction of saidliquid.

5. ln a speed governor stationary bearings, a receptacle for a liquidmedium, coniprising a closed cylindrical casing, provided withtrunnions, located eccentrically with respect to the center of saidcasing, and mounted in said stationary bearings, a propeller sha 't,assing through said trunnions, a propeller carried by said shaft,located inside said casing, a liquid medium partly lilling saidreceptacle, and means for turning said casing around in the bearings, soas to raise or lower the surface of the liquid, thus immersing the saidpropeller to a greater or less extent, for the purpose of changing theadjustment of the governor for the desired rate of speed.

6. A speed governor comprising a driving shaft, a cone pulley carried bysaid shaft, a driven shaft, a cone pulley carried by said driven shaft,the two said pulleys being so placed, as to face in opposite directions,and to leave a narrow space between their adjoining surfaces, an endlessbelt, working in said narrow space, forming a friction contact betweensaid cones, a receptacle for a liquid medium, a liquid carried by saidreceptacle, a propeller within said receptacle, connected to said drivenshaft, so as to act upon said liquid, creating a reacting force, means,acting yieldingly, adapted to counterbalance said force, and means,connecting said propeller with said endless belt, for the purpose ofshifting the latter along the said narrow space.

7. A speed governor comprising a driving shaft, a cone pulley carried bysaid shaft, a driven shaft, a cone pulley carried by said driven shaft,the two said pulleys being so placed, as to face in opposite directions,and to leave a narrow space between their adjoining surfaces, an endlessbelt working in said narrow space, forming a friction contact betweensaid cones, and adapted to move along said narrow space, a propellerconnected with said driven shaft, held balanced by a force, varying withthe speed of the propeller, and caused by the reaction of a liquid, andan opposing force, varying with the position of the said propeller, andmeans for connecting said endless belt with said propeller.

8. A speed governor comprising a source of energy, a driven member,variable speed gearing interposed between said source and said drivenmember, a screw propeller, caused to revolve by said driven member,adapted to move axially, and to be balanced by a force, varying with thespeed of the propeller, and caused by the reaction of a liquid upon saidpropeller, and by an opposing force, varying with the location of saidpropeller, and means for connecting said propeller with said source, soas to determine by the location of said propeller the ratio of gearingbetween said source and said driven member.

9. A speed governor comprising an immersing liquid, a source of energy,a driven member, variable speed gearing interposed between said sourceand said driven member, a screw propeller, caused to revolve by saiddriven member, adapted to move aXially, and to be balanced by a force,varying with the speed of the propeller, and caused by the reaction ofsaid immersing liquid upon said propeller7 and by an opposing force,varying With the location of said propellerfand means for increasing ordiminishingtlie degree of immersion of said propeller, so as t0 increaseor diminish thesaid opposing forces, for the purpose of changing theadjustment of the governor for the desired rate of speed.

F. V. SGHILLER, NETTIE HAMILTON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve Ycents each, by addressingthe Gommissioner of Patents, Washington. D. C.

